一、条理性

条理性是指要合理布局文章结构。首先，在文章思路、组织材料、叙述顺序等方面要有一定的条理性。如题目要求写一篇记叙文，可以按照事情发展的先后顺序来写；若介绍某一场所，可按照空间顺序来安排行文顺序；若是一篇议论文，就应该按照所议论观点顺序来安排结构。全文结构应注重首尾呼应，前后相联。其次，根据需要安排好段落，各段之间要层次分明，每一段落的开头和结尾往往是总结句。

二、准确性

准确性是指要求写出语法正确的句子，包括时态、语态、用词和句法等。但是不少考生由于受汉语思维习惯的影响，在写作时自觉不自觉地产生不规范的表达。要做到准确、地道地表达文章，首先必须要牢记把握一些常用句型或习惯表达，避免中文式英语，在实践中不断总结中英表达差异，养成用英语思维写作的习惯。

其次，要多读多背，在精读中汲取营养，对于好的句子最好背诵下来，适时用于写作练习中。其中，英语中的一些常识性语句(套语)就是非常典型的背诵材料。如：

通知开头语：Attention please. / May I have your attention, please? / I’ll have an announcement to make. 结尾语：Don’t forget the time and the address. / I’m sure you’ll have a lot of fun. / That’s all, thank you.

欢迎词开头语：Welcome to our city. / Now let me tell you something about… 结尾语：I’m sure you’ll have a good trip. That’s all. Thank you.

写信时开头语：I am glad to hear from you. / I’m writing to tell you something about… / How are you getting along with your studies? / I really don’t know how to thank you for your… 结尾语：Please give my best regards to… / I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon… / Remember me to your parents 等。

正确牢记这些惯用语，无疑可以增添句了表达的准确性，减少不必要的错误，从而提高书面表达的档次。

三、流畅性

流畅性是指根据整篇文章意思的需要，有效采用不同的连接手段，以使文章层次清楚，行文连贯。关联词就是常用的连接手段之一。

四、多样性

简洁性就是做到语言简洁，不重复。多样性就是能随情景内容的变化写出句式多样的语句。新课程标准中写作的评价标准，强调了语言表达的能力：语言结构和词汇要丰富。因此，在确保行文准确流畅的前提下，需要文字清新简洁，语句灵活多变，使文章的语言结构更加丰富多彩。我们可以采用以下几种方式：

① 合理利用介词或名词代替动词，能有效降低句子的复杂性，在使句子通顺自然的同时，也能减少语法错误。试体会下面画线部分被括号内词语替代后的效果：

The flat has an area of 25 square meters and there is a bedroom, a bathroom, and a kitchen. (with)

I have a surprise to give you. (for)

② 使用短语结构来简化从句或合并短句。常见的结构有介词短语、名词短语、非谓语动词、独立主格结构、同位语等。如：

My brother was riding the bike and I sat on the seat behind him.

修改后：My brother was riding the bike with me sitting on the seat behind. (全国卷)

③ 通过合句，将意义相关的几个句子，用一定的连接方法连接起来，或通过紧缩，去掉一些多余的成分可以避免冗长累赘，松散无力，使句子凝练，层次清楚。

The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.

修改后：The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. (全国卷)

④ 尝试改变句子的开头方式，不要一味地都是主语开头，接着是谓语、宾语，最后再加一个状语。要灵活运用诸如倒装句、强调句、主从复合句、分词状语等，这样能增加文章的节奏和韵律美。

We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning.

修改后：Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together. (全国卷)

五、思想性

新标准对写作的要求，增加了情感因素，要求在准确流畅表达写作要点的同时，适当增加句子的感情色彩，增加一些人情味，使文章读起来更亲切，完全达到与读者进行交流的目的。如：

Do you think you’ll like it? If not, I can try and find another flat for you. (全国卷) 表现了作者对朋友尽职尽责的心情，回信由此布满浓厚的感情色彩。

六、使作文“形神都不散”

汉语作文要求“形散，神不散”，而英语作文则要求“形不散，神也不散”。“形”即文章的句子，“形不散”即句与句之间要连贯，句式有变化。“神”即文章中心，“神不散”即围绕一个中心而写。

(1) 如何使英语作文“形”不散

① 使用连词、副词、过渡词语，使句与句之间连贯。

② 使用多种句式，使句子有变化。

(2) 如何使英语作文“神不散”

“神不散”的有效办法之一是把握主题句。首先确定文章中心，每段列出一句主题句，由主题句反映文章中心；其次对每段的主题句进行展开，可以由若干个分句来支持主题句。

下面以上海某年的高考书面表达题为例：请你谈谈轿车大量进入家庭后，对家庭、环境和经济可能产生的影响。

Now more and more families have their own cars. It has advantages. It’s very convenient for the people who have their own cars to go to work or to take their children to school. On holidays, all the families can travel to some place or go to visit an exhibition far away by car. They save a lot of their spare time. The car industry is developing more and more rapidly because people need more and more cars. With the development of the car industry, the economy in China is developing rapidly too.

But a lot of problems are coming about. Traffic in cities is getting heavier and heavier. The car is causing more pollution. To solve these problems, something must be done.

此篇书面表达的中心“轿车进入家庭后所产生的影响”，由两个主题句 It has advantages 和 A lot of problems are coming about 体现出来。为了进一步展开主题句 It has advantages，文章从convenience, saving time and developing car industry and economy 三方面加以论证；为了展开主题句 A lot of problems are coming about，文章从 traffic 和 pollution 两方面加以说明。这样利用主题句使文章层层相扣，形不散，神也不散，文章读起来朗朗上口，生动有趣。

更多信息请查看英语写作技巧