一、图形种类及概述法：

泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table

饼图：pie chart

直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram

趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram

表格图：table

流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram

程序图：processing/procedures diagram

以下是一些较常用的描述用法

The table/chart diagram/graph shows

According to the table/chart diagram/graph

As shown in the table/chart diagram/graph

As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures

figures/statistics shows ...

It can be seen from the figures/statistics

We can see from the figures/statistics

It is clear from the figures/statistics

It is apparent from the figures/statistics

table/chart/diagram/graph figures ...

table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how

......

阅卷考官经常是不会看那些图表的，因此文章必须逻辑清晰，如果描述得能令人在脑海里勾画出那个data chart，这篇task1无疑会达到8分的水平。开篇的第一句话可以是一句高度概括性的introduction;这样做不仅使文章更趋于完美，而且可以达到凑字数的目的。接下来另起一段开始进行描述，这当中经常要连续使用非限定性定于从句，从而使得描述过程流畅、清晰。最后也可再另起一段进行简短的综述。上述的任何一个步骤都要遵循依据现有data进行客观描述的原则，任何推测性或议论性的内容写得再多、再精彩不仅不会加分，而且还会成为扣分的因素。

二、data的具体表达法

data在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time

在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time

持续变化的data在不同情况下:

增加：increase / raise / rise / go up ...

减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall ...

波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ...

稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ...

最常用的两种表达法：

动词 + 副词形式

形容词 + 名词形式

1. Verb+Adverb form

The number of XXX

+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate...

+insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly...

+from to / between and

2. Adjective+Noun form

There was a sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight

+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation

+in the number of XXX from to / between and

描述稳定的data：

The number of XXX remained steady/stable from to / between and

The number of XXX stayed the same from to / between and

There was little change / hardly any change / no change in the number of XXX from from to / between and

描述不同状态的data

Noun form:

steady drop / sharp rise peak / dramatic fall / sharp drop

Verbal form:

bottom out / reach the bottom / increase gradually / reach a plateau / remain steady

描述the highest point以及the lowest point

高点极值：

The monthly profit / The figures / The situation ...

+peaked in <准确时间点用at XXX> at XXX% / XXX

或者reached a peak / a high point at XXX% / XXX

低点极值：

XXX bottomed out / reached

+rock / the bottom / a low point

或者hit a trough

此外，在描述过程中还有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下：

并列： as well as also as well either neither too moreover furthermore in addition additionally besides what's more apart from ...

举例： for example for instance to illustrate as an illustration in particular particularly especially

事实： as a matter of fact in fact actually as long as so long as ...

雷同/近似：similarly likewise at the same time equally ...

转折： however whereas nevertheless nonetheless though although even though while yet on the contrary contrarily in contrast conversely on the other hand unlikely in stead in spite of despite of ...

原因与结果

1. cause-suggestion

since / now that ...; I hope that...

because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + sth I hope that...

2. cause-effect

XXX lead to / bring about / result in/ account for ...

therefore / thus / hence / as a result / consequently / so ...

3. effect-cause

XXX be caused by / result from / be the result of / be the effect of / be the consequence of ...

because ...

it is adj. that ...

it is unimaginable that ...

it is undeniable that ...

it is interesting to discover that ...
三、其它相关常用词

1. 主章开头

图表类型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph

描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent

内容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion

2. 表示数据

一般：have 10%; at 10%; over 10%

最高点：peaked; reached a peak / high point

bottomed out; reached the bottom

变化：recover 略有回升; increase; jump; rise/rose; climb

decrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reduce

fluctuate 浮动，摇摆不定

remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change

变化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的

rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的

dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的

significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的

sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的

steep/steeply 急剧升降的

steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的

gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的

slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的

slight/slightly轻微的、略微地

stable/stably 稳定的

表示范围：from XXX to XXX; between XXX and XXX; for XXX to XXX多长时间直到

表示程度：almost adv. 几乎，差不多

nearly adv. 几乎，密切地

approximately adv. 近似的，大约

about adv. 附近， 大约，转向，左右，周围

just over 刚超过

over adv. 结束，越过，从头到尾

exactly adv. 正确地，严密地

precisely adv. 正好 精确地;清晰地

比例：20 per cent 20%

one in three 1/3

one out of every four 1/4

3. 其它在描述中的常用到的词

significant changes 图中一些较大变化

noticeable trend 明显趋势

during the same period 在同一时期

grow/grew 增长

distribute 分布，区别

unequally 不相等地

pronounced 明显的

average 平均

no doubt 无疑地

corresponding adj. 相应的，通讯的

represent vt. 阐述，表现

overall 总体上讲

except 除外

in the case of adv. 在...的情况下

in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在...方面

in contrast 相反，大不相同

in conclusion adv. 最后，总之

in comparison 相比之下

inversely adv. 相反地，倒转地

in general 通常，大体上，一般而言

range from

excessive adj. 过多的，过分的，额外

lower v.降低，跌落

elapse vi.过去，消逝

category n.种类

government policy 政府政策

market forces 市场规率

measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，调节

forecast n. 先见，预见 v. 预测

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