第十九单元 组织段落方法——重要性和熟悉度顺序

19．1 重要性顺序排列法

前面我们已经讨论了组织段落的两种方法——时间顺序法（time-order）和空间顺序法（space-order）。组织段落的第三种方法是根据重要性排列的方法（to organize details according to their order of importance）。作者使用这种方法的依据是他认为所选用的细节应如何加以强调。

使用重要性顺序法，可选用上升顺序（ascending order），或下降顺序（aescending oraer）。前者先列举次要观点，把重要的留到最末（如示范段落17-1），后者先强调最重要的观点，然后列举次要观点（如示范段落4-1）。

19．2 熟悉度顺序排列法

对于某些段落，也许使用熟悉度顺序法（order of familiarity）更恰当。这种方法根据读者对作者所选用的一系列细节的熟悉程度排列。例如，在分类段落中，作者经常先谈论读者比较熟悉的、具体的细节，然后谈论读者不大熟悉的细节，如示范段落16-1。

19．3 使用顺序法的一般准则

到目前为止，我们共讨论了四种组织段落顺序，使用哪一种顺序取决于作者的写作目的和读者对主题的熟悉程度。

1）如果你要说服别人相信一个观点，应该选用重要性顺序，把最好和最有力的理由放在能使读者最容易牢记的地方——段末。

2）如果你要向读者准确地展示一个场面，则应选用空间顺序描述，以便你的读者能够在脑海中再现你所描绘的画面。

3）如果读者对你要谈论的话题不大熟悉，则应从熟悉的观点着手。

4）如果你要告诉读者发生了什么事情或怎样做某件事，则需要时间顺序。

Exercise 19-1

Directions：Read the following two paragraphs and analyze their orders of organization．

（1）

Why are young people so enthusiastic about computers？It is mainly because they find that the computer has a large number of desirable properties．First，it's not terribly demanding，and it does what it is told．Second，it's easier to be a friend to a computer，for it won't make fun of you．Nor does it scold you or talk back．Third，the computer is more interesting than any other object．Like people，it is interactive．When you ask it a question，it gives you an answer．And because it stores great quantities of information，it can oftenanswer more questions，more accurately，than human friends．Finally，by programing a computer，a youngster can create a world of his own．

Topic Sentence：____________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Developing Method：_________________________________________

Details：1．_______________________________________________

2．_______________________________________________

3．_______________________________________________

4．_______________________________________________

Order of Organization：________________________________________

（2）

People travel because travel benefits them in a number of ways．First，it enables people to derive much pleasure from seeing sight sand snapping pictures．Second，it provides an effective way to get their mind off their work．It relieves them from strain and makes them thoroughly relaxed and ready to resume their work with rennewed efforts．Third，it offers an opportunity to visit old friends and make new friends，too．Finally，it allows people to see new customs，learn new things，gain new experience and enables them to come back with broader mind．

Topic Sentence：____________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Developing Method：________________________________________

Details：1．______________________________________________

2．______________________________________________

3．______________________________________________

4．______________________________________________

Order of Organization：______________________________________

Exercise 19-1

Directions：Write a paragraph about the unfavorable effects of advertisements，using order of importance．

_______________________________

Exercise 19-2

Directions：Write a paragraph about the phenomena of the wasting of water，using order of familiarity．

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