Brief Introduction

在国际贸易中，货物从卖方到达买方，通常要经过长途的运输、装卸和存储等过程。在此过程中，货物常常会遇到许多风险。为了保障货物遭受损失时能得到一定的补偿，买方或卖方应在货物装船后向保险公司投保货物运输险。

对外贸易的运输保险是指：被保险人（出口人或进口人）对一批或若干批货物向保险人按一定金额投保一定的险别，并交纳保险费；保险人承保后，如果所保货物在运输过程中发生约定范围内的损失，应按照所出具的保险单的规定给予被保险人经济上的补偿。

投保时，通常选择平安险（F.P.A.），水渍险（W.A.或W.P.A. ）或一切险（A.R.）三种基本险别中的一种，然后，加保其他必要的特殊附加险别。

Basic Expressions

1. We have covered insurance on 1，000 cases of beer for 110% of the invoice value against all risks.

我们已将一千箱啤酒按发票金额的百分之一百一十投保一切险。

2. If you desire us to insure against a special risk， an extra premium will have to be charged.

如你想投保特殊险别，将向你收取额外保费。

3. This risk is coverable at a premium of 0.25%.

该险别的保险费是百分之零点二五。

4. The insurance company insures this risk with 5% franchise.

保险公司保这种险有百分之五的免赔额。

5. After loading the goods on board the ship， you must go to the insurance company to have them insured.

货船装船后，你必须找保险公司为货物投保。

6. We can serve you with a broad range of coverage against all kinds of risks for sea transport， such as Free of Particular Average （F. P.A.）， With Particular Average （W.P.A.）， All Risks and Extraneous Risks.

我们可以承保海洋运输的所有险别，如：平安险、水渍险、一切险 和附加险。

7. W.P.A. plus Risk of Breakage suit your consignment.

贵方货物适合于投保水渍险及破碎险。

8. The premium is calculated according to the premium rate or rates for risks to be covered.

保险费是根据投保险别的保险费率计算的。

9. They will undertake to compensate you for the losses according to the risks insured.

他们将根据所投保的险别，对损失负责赔偿。

10. We are able to cover all kinds of risks for transportation by sea， land and air.

我们可以办理海运、陆运和空运的所有险别。

11. We won't have such a risk included， as it is not stipulated in the Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses.

我们不能投保此项险别，因为海洋运输条款中没有包括这一险别。

12. Do you cover risk other than W.P.A. and War Risk？

除了水渍险和战争险外，你们还保其他险吗？

13. As a rule， the extra premium involved will be for buyer's account.

按常规，额外保险费应由买方负责。

14. Please note that our insurance coverage is for 110% of the invoice value only.

请注意我们的保险范围只是发票金额的百分之一百一十。

15. How long is the period from the commencement to termination of the insurance？

保险责任的起讫期限有多长？

16. We adopt the warehouse-to-warehouse clause that is commonly used in international insurance.

我们采用国际保险中常用的“仓至仓”的责任条款。

17. According to international practice， we do not insure against such risks unless the buyers call for them.

按照国际惯例，我们不投保这些险别，除非买主提出要求投保。

18. Breakage is a special risk， for which an extra premium will have to be charged.

破碎险是一种特别险，需收取额外保险费。

19. Because they aren't delicate goods and not likely to be damaged on the voyage.

因为这些不是易碎易损的货物，航行中不大可能被损坏。

Conversations

Dialogue 1

A： Good afternoon， Mr. Brown. My appointment was at 4 o'clock， wasn't it？

B： Yes， Mrs. Wang. We have been expecting you. Mrs. Wang， this is Mr. Jordan of the People's Insurance Company of China. He has come to explain the unfortunate affair about the insurance.

A： Thank you for coming. Mr. Brown， as you may recall， the

February consignment arrived at Manila seriously damaged. The loss through breakage was over 30% of the consignment. We've presented a claim to the underwriters through your firm， but the insurance company refused to admit liability， as there was no insurance on breakage. We naturally were not satisfied with such a reply.

B： I should like to hear what Mr. Jordan has to say about it. You know of course that we， the sellers， are merely acting as mediators in this matter. The Insurance Company is responsible for the claim， as far as it is within the scope of coverage.

J： That's just the point. The loss in question was beyond the

coverage granted by us. According to your instructions， we made out an insurance certificate covering W.P.A. and the risk of break- age wasn't mentioned in it. We rang up the Ceramics Section of Light Industrial Products Import & Export Corporation， but were told that their customer had not asked for coverage in case of breakage.

—— 下午好，布朗先生。我们约好四点钟见面，是不是？

—— 是的，王小姐。我们一直在等你。王小姐，这位是中国人民保险公 司的乔丹先生。他是来解释这次不幸事件的保险问题的。

—— 谢谢你来。布朗先生，你也许记得，二月份发运到马尼拉的那批货 物破碎严重。破碎损失超过这批货物的百分之三十。我们已通过你 们公司向保险公司提出了索赔，但保险公司以没投保破碎险为由， 拒绝承担责任。我们当然对这种回答不满意。

—— 我想听听乔丹先生对此有什么看法。当然，你是知道的，我们卖方 对这种事只是个调解人。只要在保险责任范围内，保险公司就应负 赔偿责任。

—— 问题就在这里。你说的损失并不包括在我们承保的责任范围之内。 根据你们的要求，我们出具了投保水渍险的保险凭证，但没提及到 破碎险。我们曾打电话给轻工业品公司陶瓷品部，但他们说，客户 并未要求投保破碎险。

B： In the letter of credit only coverage for all marine risks？was requested. I should like to point out that our prices were calcu- lated without insurance for any special risk. So we applied for the usual W.P.A. coverage and let our customers deal with the matter of breakage. Since the validity of the letter of credit was going to expire in two days， there was no time to write for more detailed instructions. If the L/C had been valid for a longer period， we should have had time to make the matter thoroughly clear.

A： Mr. Brown， our import license only ran up to the middle of February， consequently we were not able to extend the validity of the letter of credit. But we presume that the wording of our L/C implies covering the risk of breakage. Besides， when I take a W.P. A. insurance， that is， with particular average， I should think the risk of breakage is a par ticular average， isn't it？

J： Not every breakage is a particular average. It is a particular aver- age when the breakage results from natural ca lam i ties or mar i time accidents， such as stranding and sinking of the car ry ing vessel， or is attributable to fire， explosion or collision. If none of these conditions occur， break age is often considered as an or di nary loss and rep re sents what we call ？inherent vice or nature of the subject matter insured？ which is outside the scope of the coverage.

—— 信用证只要求投保“综合海运险”。我想要指出的是，我们的价格 没把任何特殊险计算在内，所以我们只投保了通常的水渍险，而让 我们的客户自行办理破碎险事宜。由于信用证两天内就要到期，来 不及写出更详细的说明。如果信用证的有效期长一点的话，我们就 会有时间把事情彻底说清楚。

—— 布朗先生，我们进口许可证的有效期到二月中旬截止，因此我们无 法延长信用证的有效期。但是我方认为信用证的措辞包含了投保破 碎险。此外，当我投保水渍险时，那就是对单独海损要负责赔偿， 我想破碎险是属于一种单独海损，对不对？

—— 并不是所有破碎险都是属于单独海损。只是由于自然灾害或意外事 故所造成的破碎，如货船搁浅与沉没，或归因于着火、爆炸、或碰 撞所引起的破碎才算是属于单独海损。如果没有发生上述事故，破 碎便常被认为是一种普通损失，也就是我们所说的，由于“货物内 在缺陷或特性”所引起的损失，不属于承保范围之内。

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