answer from stackflow:

simply
is sufficient.

the other forms are there for compatibility with xhtml; to make it possible to write the same code as xhtml, and have it also work as html. some systems that generate html may be based on xml generators, and thus not have the ability to output just a bare
tag; if you're using such a system, it's fine to use
, it's just not necessary if you don't need to do it.

very few people actually use xhtml, however. you need to serve your content as application/xhtml+xml for it to be interpreted as xhtml, and that will not work in ie (it will also mean that any small error you make will prevent your page from being displayed, in browsers that do support xhtml). so, most of what looks like xhtml on the web is actually being served, and interpreted, as html. see serving xhtml as text/html considered harmful for some more information.

意思就是说:html中的规定是
空标签，没有结束符，但是在xhtml中，规定是
开始标签后面紧跟结束标签。

在 xhtml 中，
标签必须被正确地关闭，比如这样：
。
标签是空标签（意味着它没有结束标签，因此这是错误的：

）。在 xhtml 中，把结束标签放在开始标签中，也就是
。