成人高考专升本英语同义词辨析(四)
2017-05-23来源:

close 比较普通,有时可以和shut互换使用,但它更强调“不让某人或某物进入或通过”的意思,有时有“不接纳”的意思,但通常表示“关闭”这一动作

It's Sunday,so all the shops are closed.

今天是星期天,所以这些店铺都关门了。

I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again.

我肯定没有办法再把箱子关上了。

shut 与 close 的含义差别在于,shut仅表示“关闭”之状态,不包含“不让进入”或“不接纳”的意思

As soon as he opens the gate from the outside,he comes into the garden and waits until the gate shuts.

它一旦从外面把门打开,便走进园子里等着关门。

在某些习语中,只有 shut 而不用close.

Shut up!

住口!

He found every road to the accomplishment of his desire shut against him.

他发现通向实现自己愿望的所有道路都被堵死了。

He shut his eyes to the severs reality.

对于这严峻的现实,他是闭着眼睛不肯看的。

accompany attend escort convoy

意思都含“与人结伴同行”或“伴随某物”。

accompany 指“与人结伴, 做伴”, 常含有彼此之间关系平等之意, 如:

He -nied her to the theater.

他陪她去剧院。

attend 意为“随侍”、“随从” 等解, 如:

Some students attended Prof. Jones on a field trip.

一些学生随琼斯教授去野外郊游。

escort 和 convoy 意为“以警卫等身份陪伴”, 如:

This merchant ship was convoyed by a destroyer.

这艘商船由一驱逐舰护航。

escort 还指礼节上的“尊重或献殷勤”, 如:

He escorted a lady to a party.

他陪一位女士赴宴。

accurate correct exact

均含“正确的”意思。

accurate 表示“准确的”,精确的“,指”通过努力, 使事情达到正确“, 如:

She gave an accurate account of the accident.

她对事故做了准确的描述。

correct 为一般用语, 指“正确的”, 如:

He gave correct answers to the questions.

他对这些问题提出了正确的答案。

exact 表示“确切的”,“精确无误的”,指“与事实完全相符”, 如:

His answer is quite exact.

他的回答完全正确。

enough,sufficient,adequate这三个词都表示“足够的”或“充分的”。其中只有enough可以用作副词或名词,含义仍为“足够的”。

enough和sufficient在含义上几乎没有差异,只是enough的用法较多,这两个词都表示“完全满足需要,而且既不多余,也不缺少”。

adequate虽然也表示“足够的”、“充分的”,但是和另二词之间有着比较明显的细微差异,因为这个词的内涵是:对于必不可少的东西在数量上应当是合理的、公平的或不苛刻的。Five men will be quite enough (or sufficient). 这句话说的是:5个人就十分充足了, 再多给一个人就没有必要了His wages are adequate to support three people. 这句话说的是:他的工资够养活3个人的。即这些钱养活3个人够得上一般生活水平,并不苛刻。可见其差异非常细微。词义差别越细微,表意越准确。例如:“我为他干了3小时的活,他付给我20英镑。我觉得那20英镑的工钱是足够了的”。这两句话在英译时,其中的“足够的”必须用adequate,因为这里说的“足够”包含了“公平、合理”的意思。故这两句可译为:I worked for him three hours,and he paid me 20 pounds. I think the 20 pounds are adequate for my work. 此外, 应注意下面例句中enough的各种用法

I like to be a professional singer,but I don't think I have a good enough voice.

我想当个职业歌唱家,但是我觉得我的嗓子不够好。

A day may begin well enough,but suddenly everything seems to get out of control.

一天的开端可能好得很,但突然一切似乎都失去了控制。

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